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<p style="text-align: center; color: #54595d;">The first image is a scan of Wittgensein’s MS-176,19v; the second is the corrisponding transcription with HTML markup (for example, the tag <code><nowiki><em></em></nowiki></code> is for emphasis); the third is the transcription as viewed in a web browser. The processes that lead from the first picture to the second (encoding) and from the second to the third (rendering) are both 1-to-1 subsitutions (images in the Tractarian sense).</p>
<p style="text-align: center; color: #54595d;">The first image is a scan of Wittgensein’s MS-176,19v; the second is the corresponding transcription with HTML markup (for example, the tag <code><nowiki><em></em></nowiki></code> is for emphasis); the third is the transcription as viewed in a web browser. The processes that lead from the first picture to the second (encoding) and from the second to the third (rendering) are both 1-to-1 substitutions (images in the Tractarian sense).</p>




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* Attribution – NoDerivatives (CC BY-ND): the work can be used for all purposes, but it cannot be remixed; the author must be credited;
* Attribution – NoDerivatives (CC BY-ND): the work can be used for all purposes, but it cannot be remixed; the author must be credited;
* Attribution – NonCommercial – NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND): the work can be used for non-commercial purposes, but it cannot be remixed; the author must be credited.
* Attribution – NonCommercial – NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND): the work can be used for non-commercial purposes, but it cannot be remixed; the author must be credited.
Creative Commons Attribution and Attribution – ShareAlike are consiered “free” licences because they allow reusing the work for any purpose, including commercially, and remixing it; in this sense, the other licences are “non-free”, even though they still allow reusing the work and, in some cases, remixing it under stricter conditions.
Creative Commons Attribution and Attribution – ShareAlike are considered “free” licences because they allow reusing the work for any purpose, including commercially, and remixing it; in this sense, the other licences are “non-free”, even though they still allow reusing the work and, in some cases, remixing it under stricter conditions.


== The copyright status of Wittgenstein’s individual works ==
== The copyright status of Wittgenstein’s individual works ==
In this section, we will apply the concepts described above in order to clarify the copyright status of Wittgenstein’s works.<ref>Information about first editions was taken from Alois Pichler, Michael A. R. Biggs, Sarah Anna Szeltner, “{{plainlink|[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305935004_Bibliographie_der_deutsch-_und_englischsprachigen_Wittgenstein-Ausgaben Bibliographie Der Deutsch- Und Englischsprachigen Wittgenstein-Ausgaben]}}”, in ''Wittgenstein-Studien'', 2011 (updated 2019) ({{plainlink|[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305935004_Bibliographie_der_deutsch-_und_englischsprachigen_Wittgenstein-Ausgaben archived URL]}}).</ref> We will limit ourselves to those that have been published on the Ludwig Wittgenstein Project’s website<!-- or might be in the short-to-medium term-->, thereby excluding those texts where the editors may have to be counted as co-authors.
In this section, we will apply the concepts described above in order to clarify the copyright status of Wittgenstein’s works.<ref>Information about first editions was taken from Alois Pichler, Michael A. R. Biggs, Sarah Anna Szeltner, “{{plainlink|[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305935004_Bibliographie_der_deutsch-_und_englischsprachigen_Wittgenstein-Ausgaben Bibliographie Der Deutsch- Und Englischsprachigen Wittgenstein-Ausgaben]}}”, in ''Wittgenstein-Studien'', 2011 (updated 2019) ({{plainlink|[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305935004_Bibliographie_der_deutsch-_und_englischsprachigen_Wittgenstein-Ausgaben archived URL]}}).</ref> We will limit ourselves to those that have been published on the Ludwig Wittgenstein Project’s website<!-- or might be in the short-to-medium term-->, thereby excluding those texts where the editors may have to be counted as co-authors.


For each work, the copyright status in the country of origin and in Italy will be described and explained. What is written about Italy can be considered to be valid, to some extent, for all countries where, as a general rule, copyright expires 70 years or fewer P.M.A.; however, since local exceptions may exist,<ref>As an example, it is worthwile to briefly discuss an issue that often comes up in conversations between Wittgensteinians about copyright. In the UK, as a general rule, copyright expires 70 years P.M.A. However, texts that were unpublished as of the end of 1989 will be copyrighted until the end of 2039 regardless of the date of the author’s death. For furher information, see ''{{plainlink|[https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/copyright-notice-duration-of-copyright-term/copyright-notice-duration-of-copyright-term Copyright Notice: Duration of copyright (term)]}}'', UK Intellectual Property office, 15 January 2021, retrieved 16 July 2022 ({{plainlink|[https://web.archive.org/web/20220716101721/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/copyright-notice-duration-of-copyright-term/copyright-notice-duration-of-copyright-term archived URL]}}). This does not affect any of the texts published on the Ludwig Wittgenstein Project’s website, but those among Wittgenstein’s manuscripts that were indeed unpublished as of 1989 are still copyrighted in the UK.</ref> generalisations should be made, so to speak, at one’s own risk. Occasionally, the copyright status in the United States will be discussed, as the US, despite not playing any special role from the point of view of the Ludwig Wittgenstein Project, are certainly, to this day, the centre of gravity of the web.
For each work, the copyright status in the country of origin and in Italy will be described and explained. What is written about Italy can be considered to be valid, to some extent, for all countries where, as a general rule, copyright expires 70 years or fewer P.M.A.; however, since local exceptions may exist,<ref>As an example, it is worthwhile to briefly discuss an issue that often comes up in conversations between Wittgensteinians about copyright. In the UK, as a general rule, copyright expires 70 years P.M.A. However, texts that were unpublished as of the end of 1989 will be copyrighted until the end of 2039 regardless of the date of the author’s death. For further information, see ''{{plainlink|[https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/copyright-notice-duration-of-copyright-term/copyright-notice-duration-of-copyright-term Copyright Notice: Duration of copyright (term)]}}'', UK Intellectual Property office, 15 January 2021, retrieved 16 July 2022 ({{plainlink|[https://web.archive.org/web/20220716101721/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/copyright-notice-duration-of-copyright-term/copyright-notice-duration-of-copyright-term archived URL]}}). This does not affect any of the texts published on the Ludwig Wittgenstein Project’s website, but those among Wittgenstein’s manuscripts that were indeed unpublished as of 1989 are still copyrighted in the UK.</ref> generalisations should be made, so to speak, at one’s own risk. Occasionally, the copyright status in the United States will be discussed, as the US, despite not playing any special role from the point of view of the Ludwig Wittgenstein Project, are certainly, to this day, the centre of gravity of the web.


The information is valid and up to date as of July 2022. Copyrights that are still standing will gradually expire in the coming years and decades.
The information is valid and up to date as of July 2022. Copyrights that are still standing will gradually expire in the coming years and decades.
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=== Blue and Brown Books ===
=== Blue and Brown Books ===
The ''Blue Book'' and the ''Brown Book'' were first published in the United Kindgom in the volume ''Preliminary Studies for the “Philosophical Investigations”. Generally Known as The Blue and Brown Books'', Blackwell, Oxford 1958.
The ''Blue Book'' and the ''Brown Book'' were first published in the United Kingdom in the volume ''Preliminary Studies for the “Philosophical Investigations”. Generally Known as The Blue and Brown Books'', Blackwell, Oxford 1958.


Their country of origin is the United Kingdom. These works are in the public domain there, as well as in Italy, because the copyright term for literary works in both countries is 70 years P.M.A. and the author died before 1952.
Their country of origin is the United Kingdom. These works are in the public domain there, as well as in Italy, because the copyright term for literary works in both countries is 70 years P.M.A. and the author died before 1952.
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